1931

Giuseppe Enrie makes new photographs

A new photographic campaign creates detailed records of the cloth and image.

Enrie’s photographs became an important visual record, allowing researchers to examine details at higher quality than earlier images.

At the 1931 public exposition, Turin photographer Giuseppe Enrie made a new series of photographs with more advanced equipment and carefully recorded technical settings. Secondo Pia was present. Enrie’s negatives offered clearer documentation and helped address criticism that Pia’s 1898 image resulted from photographic error or manipulation.¹

What the surviving source says

Enrie’s work is a photographic record, not an independent dating test. Differences between his images and Pia’s can reflect film, lenses, lighting, exposure and changes in the cloth’s display. Later readers should not treat every newly visible detail as evidence that the cloth itself changed or that a particular historical interpretation is confirmed.¹²

Historical significance and limits

The 1931 photographs established a high-quality visual record used by researchers for decades and broadened the Shroud’s place in photographic history.²³

Sources and further reading

1. Metropolitan Museum of Art, Giuseppe Enrie, Detail of the Shroud of Turin (1931). Consult the cited passage in the full source and its transmission context; the article distinguishes the source’s wording from later interpretation.
2. Otangelo Grasso, The Image That Should Not Exist: A Scientific Investigation of the Shroud of Turin (2026), ch. 2, “Origins and Historical Record,” pp. 23–31. Author synthesis; not an independent witness.
3. Otangelo Grasso, From Forensics to Faith (2026), ch. 3, “6th to 14th Century History,” pp. 126–194. The book advances an interpretation; this article separates that interpretation from the underlying document or measurement.
4. Otangelo Grasso, The Shroud of Turin: A Forensic Summary, 3rd ed. (2026), ch. 16, “The Hidden Thread,” pp. 276–294. The author’s proposed reconstruction is cited as interpretation, not corroboration.
5. Read the official historical overview. Further reading or contextual source retained from this event’s earlier bibliography.
6. Shroud.com historical chronology and document references. Further reading or contextual source retained from this event’s earlier bibliography.