CENTRAL CARBON → GLUTAMATE / NITROGEN ASSIMILATION → INDIVIDUAL PATHWAY

Glutamine biosynthesis

Follow the carbon skeleton from L-Glutamate + ammonium + ATP to L-Glutamine.

What it needs

Glutamate, ammonium and ATP.

What it supplies

L-Glutamine. This product can enter downstream cellular reactions; its synthesis depends on the precursor and helper supplies shown.

The pathway

Read from top to bottom. Select an enzyme box to jump to its reaction. Cosubstrates and selected coproducts appear in the account below.

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Reactions and enzymes

1 · Glutamine synthetase

L-Glutamate + ammonium + ATP → L-Glutamine

Glutamine synthetase · EC 6.3.1.2

Inputs, helpers or coproducts: ATP → ADP + phosphate

Connected pathways

Glutamate and nitrogen assimilation Asparagine biosynthesis Tryptophan biosynthesis

Evidence and scope

Glutamine supplies amide nitrogen to many biosynthetic reactions. It also participates in the GS–GOGAT cycle. This page explains selected documented biochemical reactions. It does not establish that every displayed enzyme occurs in Aquifex, that the pathway is universally essential, or that the book image records a complete organism. Gene symbols name common enzyme activities; organism-specific protein records require separate matching.

Original explanatory diagram and reaction account, based on the records below. Arrows show the biosynthetic reading direction; they do not claim that every reaction is irreversible. Selected protons, water and cofactors are omitted from the overview and are not implied absent.

KEGG ec:6.3.1.2 · pathway / enzyme record