Pathway · 3 proteins
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Proteins of this group that KEGG places on its “Peptidoglycan biosynthesis” map for Aquifex aeolicus.
How it works
This map shows how the cell-wall units are assembled and linked. The two proteins here finish the lipid-linked wall unit on the inner face of the membrane and recycle the lipid carrier after each unit is delivered.
Grouped by KEGG pathway map. The explanation above is the atlas’s own; the map itself covers more organisms than Aquifex.
Its proteins
| Protein | EC | Reaction (UniProt) | Metal or cluster | Amino acids | Certainty |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rod shape determining protein RodA | — | — | — | 372 | Step named |
| UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide) pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenol N-acetylglucosamine transferase | 2.4.1.227 | di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphospho-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphospho-[N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + UDP + H(+) | — | 344 | Step named |
| Undecaprenyl-diphosphatase | 3.6.1.27 | di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + H2O = di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate + phosphate + H(+) | — | 256 | Step named |
Also part of this pathway
These proteins are described under another pathway, but also take part here.
| Protein | EC | Reaction (UniProt) | Metal or cluster | Amino acids | Certainty |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isoprenyl transferaseHome: Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis | 2.5.1.- | — | Mg(2+) | 231 | Step named |
| Probable peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase FtsWHome: Envelope assembly and division | 2.4.99.28 | [GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n)-di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate = [GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n+1)-di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + H(+) | — | 448 | Step named |
| Penicillin binding protein 2Home: Wall synthesis and remodeling | — | — | — | 578 | Step named |
| Phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferaseHome: Peptidoglycan precursors | 2.7.8.13 | UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate = di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphospho-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + UMP | Mg(2+), Mn(2+) | 359 | Step named |
| Penicillin binding protein 2Home: Wall synthesis and remodeling | — | — | — | 595 | Step named |
| UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferaseHome: Peptidoglycan precursors | 2.5.1.7 | phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine + phosphate | — | 425 | Step named |
| UDP-N-acetylmuramate--L-alanine ligaseHome: Peptidoglycan precursors | 6.3.2.8 | UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate + L-alanine + ATP = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanine + ADP + phosphate + H(+) | — | 454 | Step named |
| UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate--2,6-diaminopimelate ligaseHome: Peptidoglycan precursors | 6.3.2.13 | UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate + meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + ATP = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + ADP + phosphate + H(+) | Mg(2+) | 482 | Step named |
| UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine--D-glutamate ligaseHome: Peptidoglycan precursors | 6.3.2.9 | UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanine + D-glutamate + ATP = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+) | — | 415 | Step named |
| UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductaseHome: Peptidoglycan precursors | 1.3.1.98 | UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate + NADP(+) = UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine + NADPH + H(+) | — | 297 | Step named |
| D-alanine--D-alanine ligaseHome: Peptidoglycan precursors | 6.3.2.4 | 2 D-alanine + ATP = D-alanyl-D-alanine + ADP + phosphate + H(+) | Mg(2+), Mn(2+) | 291 | Step named |
| Penicillin-binding protein 1AHome: Wall synthesis and remodeling | 2.4.99.28; 3.4.16.4 | [GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n)-di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate = [GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n+1)-di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + H(+) | — | 726 | Step named |
| UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide--D-alanyl-D-alanine ligaseHome: Peptidoglycan precursors | 6.3.2.10 | D-alanyl-D-alanine + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + ATP = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + ADP + phosphate + H(+) | — | 445 | Step named |
Origins
How could the wall's units be linked into one mesh before these enzymes existed?
None of the books searched discusses a prebiotic origin of peptidoglycan.
The wall is one large molecule around the whole cell: sugar chains are linked into strands and the strands cross-linked through their peptides. This happens outside the membrane, where no ATP is available, so the energy has to be built into the units beforehand.
The wider question for this part of the cell: origins for dividing into two cells.
Sources
- KEGG map aae00550 (enzymes of this organism highlighted)
Other pathways in this group: Peptidoglycan precursors · Wall synthesis and remodeling · Division scaffold · Envelope assembly and division · Division-associated membrane parts · Not yet placed in a pathway